Protecting Yourself from Heat Stress

Heat stress, from exertion or hot environments, places workers at risk for illnesses such as heat stroke, heat exhaustion or heat cramps.

Heat Stroke

A condition that occurs when the body becomes unable to control its temperature, and can cause death or permanent disability.

Symptoms

  • High body temperature
  • Confusion
  • Loss of coordination
  • Hot, dry skin or profuse sweating
  • Throbbing headache
  • Seizures, coma

First Aid

  • Request immediate medical assistance.
  • Move the worker to a cool, shaded area.
  • Remove excess clothing and apply cool water to their body.
Heat Exhaustion

The body’s response to an excessive loss of water and salt, usually through sweating.

Symptoms

  • Rapid heart beat
  • Heavy sweating
  • Extreme weakness or fatigue
  • Dizziness
  • Nausea, vomiting
  • Irritability
  • Fast, shallow breathing
  • Slightly elevated body temperature

First Aid

  • Rest in a cool area.
  • Drink plenty of water or other cool beverages.
  • Take a cool shower, bath, or sponge bath.
Heat Cramps

Affects workers who sweat a lot during strenuous activity. Sweating depletes the body’s salt and moisture levels.

Symptoms

  • Muscle cramps, pain, or spasms in the abdomen, arms or legs

First Aid

  • Stop all activity, and sit in a cool place.
  • Drink clear juice or a sports beverage, or drink water with food.
  • Avoid salt tablets.
  • Do not return to strenuous work for a few hours after the cramps subside.
  • Seek medical attention if you have the following: heart problems, are on a low-sodium diet, or if the cramps do not subside within one hour.
Protect Yourself
  • Monitor your physical condition and that of your coworkers for signs or symptoms of heat illnesses.
  • Wear light-colored, loose-fitting, breathable clothing such as cotton.
  • Avoid non-breathable synthetic clothing.
  • Gradually build up to heavy work.
  • Schedule heavy work during the coolest parts of day.
  • Take more breaks when doing heavier work, and in high heat and humidity.
  • Take breaks in the shade or a cool area.
  • Drink water frequently. Drink enough water that you never become thirsty.
  • Be aware that protective clothing or personal protective equipment may increase the risk of heat-related illnesses.